Case Converter: Title Case, camelCase & More
Case converter for UPPER, lower, Sentence case and Title Case in AP, Chicago, APA or MLA style, plus camelCase, snake_case, kebab-case and more.
How to use the case converter
Type or paste your text and pick a case. The result updates as you type; copy it, download it, or press Use as input to convert it again. Each line is converted on its own, so a list of headlines or variable names converts at once.
Title case rules by style
All four styles capitalize the first word of a title and of a subtitle, which starts after a colon, an em dash, a spaced dash, or a question or exclamation mark. Other words are capitalized unless listed below.
| Style | Words kept lowercase | Last word |
|---|---|---|
| Chicago | a, an, the; every preposition (of, in, on, with, from, into, between, without, versus and so on); and, but, for, or, nor; to and as | Always capitalized |
| AP | a, an, the; prepositions and conjunctions of three letters or fewer: and, as, at, but, by, for, if, in, nor, of, off, on, or, out, per, so, to, up, via, vs., yet | Always capitalized |
| APA | The same short words as AP: articles, and conjunctions and prepositions of three letters or fewer | Not forced; a short final word such as for stays lowercase |
| MLA | a, an, the; every preposition; and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet; to | Always capitalized |
So gone with the wind becomes Gone with the Wind in Chicago and MLA, but Gone With the Wind in AP and APA, which capitalize words of four letters or more. Short verbs and pronouns such as Is, Be and It are always capitalized.
Hyphenated compounds: the first part is always capitalized, and later parts follow the same rules, as in State-of-the-Art or Self-Report. Chicago keeps the part after a prefix such as anti-, pre- or non- lowercase (Anti-inflammatory), unless you typed it with a capital (Non-English).
What the converter can’t know
- A word like up, down, off or out right after a verb (Look Up) works as an adverb, which Chicago and MLA capitalize. The tool treats it as a preposition, so fix phrasal verbs by hand.
- After, before, since and until are treated as prepositions, even when they start a clause.
- Sentence case can’t tell names from ordinary words, so capitalize proper nouns yourself. It does know the pronoun I and abbreviations like e.g.
- Web addresses, email addresses and file names such as example.com are left exactly as typed.
Keeping acronyms and brand names
With Keep acronyms and mixed case ticked, words in capitals (NASA, 4K) or with capitals inside (iPhone, McDonald’s) are left alone, unless the whole line is in capitals.
Programming cases
For code styles the text is split into words at spaces, punctuation and case changes, so XMLHttpRequest becomes xml, http and request. Apostrophes are dropped (don’t becomes dont) and digits stay attached to their word (base64).
| Case | user login count | Common in |
|---|---|---|
| camelCase | userLoginCount | JavaScript and Java variables |
| PascalCase | UserLoginCount | Class and type names |
| snake_case | user_login_count | Python, Ruby, SQL columns |
| kebab-case | user-login-count | URLs, CSS classes, file names |
| CONSTANT_CASE | USER_LOGIN_COUNT | Constants, environment variables |
| dot.case | user.login.count | Config keys, translation keys |
Unicode and other languages
- German ß has no everyday capital: UPPER CASE turns Straße into STRASSE. Tick Capital ẞ to get STRAẞE, allowed in German spelling since 2017.
- Turkish and Azerbaijani have a dotted and a dotless i. With those letter rules, i becomes İ and ı becomes I, so istanbul becomes İSTANBUL, not ISTANBUL.
- Greek sigma is written ς at the end of a word in lower case, and letters such as the digraph dž get their proper title-case form Dž.
Frequently asked questions
Is my text uploaded anywhere?
No. The conversion runs in your browser with JavaScript, and nothing you type is sent to a server or stored.
What is the difference between Title Case and Capitalize Each Word?
Title Case follows a style guide, so short words such as a, the, of and and stay lowercase in the middle of a title. Capitalize Each Word capitalizes the first letter of every word without exceptions.
Which title case style should I use?
Use the style your publication or school requires. AP is common for news and blogs, Chicago for books and many websites, APA for papers in psychology and the social sciences, and MLA for papers in the humanities.
Why did NASA or iPhone keep its capitals?
The Keep acronyms and mixed case option leaves words written in capitals or with capitals inside unchanged. Untick it to convert those words like any other.